Description
Dorsal fin and pectoral fins with a stout (venomous) spine; adipose fin not greatly enlarged; caudal fin with 15 rays; anal fin with up to 22 rays; pelvic fins with 6 rays each. Except for nine branchiostegal rays on the head and predorsal area, the skin is naked.
Spawning occurs in estuaries or lowland streams and all but one species are mouth-breeders.
Species included on this CD-rom:
Arius maculatus (Thunberg)
Arius subrostratus (Valenciennes)