Literature
- Ahlstrom, E.H., Butler, J.L. and Sumida, B.Y. 1976. Pelagic Stromateoid fishes (Pisces, Perciformes) of the eastern Pacific: kinds, distributions and early life histories and observations on five of these from the Northwest Atlantic. Bull. Mar. Sci. 26 (3): 285-402.
- Haedrich, R.L. 1967. The stromateoid fishes; systematics and a classification. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harv. 135 (2): 31-139.
- Hureau, J.-C. [ed.] 1994. Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. ETI/UNESCO, CD-ROM Macintosh Version 1.0.