Literature
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- Hureau, J.-C. [ed.] 1994. Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. ETI/UNESCO, CD-ROM Macintosh Version 1.0.
- Smith, J.L.B. 1956. The fishes of the family Sphyraenidae in the western Indian Ocean. Ichthyol. Bull. (3): 37-48.
- Tortonese, E. 1975. Osteichthyes (pesci ossei). Parte seconda. Fauna ital. II, Calderini, Bologna: 536 pp., 240 fig., 8 pl.