Literature
- Fritzsche, R.A. and Fuiman, L.A. 1982. Osteichthyes: pp. 858-944. In: Parker, S.P. [ed.], Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. 2. McGraw-Hill Book Company.
- Greenwood, P.H. 1976. A review of the family Centropomidae (Pisces, Perciformes). Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Zool. 29 (1): 1-81.