Literature
- Dawson, C.E. 1982. The pipefishes (subfamilies Doryrhamphinae and Syngnathinae). In: Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Mem. Sears Found. mar. Res. 1 (8): 4-172, 118 fig.
- Dawson, C.E. and Allen, G.R. 1978. Synopsis of the finless pipefish genera (Penetopteryx, Apterygocampus and Enchelyocampus, gen. nov.). Rec. W. Aust. Mus. 6 (4): 391-411, 7 fig.
- Duncker, G. 1926. Teleostei Physoclisti. 2. Syngnathiformes. In: Grimpe, G. and Wagler, E. (eds.), Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee 4 (12): g8-g24, 14 fig.
- Fritzsche, R.A. 1980. Revision of the eastern Pacific Syngnathidae (Pisces: Syngnathiformes), including both recent and fossil forms. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 42 (6): 181-227, 17 fig.
- Hureau, J.-C. [ed.] 1994. Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. ETI/UNESCO, CD-ROM Macintosh Version 1.0.
- Mito, S. 1961. Pelagic fish eggs from Japanese waters I. Clupeinae, Chaninae, Stomiatinae, Myctophidae, Anguillidae, Belonidae and Syngnathidae. Sci. Bull. Fac. Agri., Kyusku Univ. 18 (3): 285-310, 15 pl.