Literature
- Collette, B.B. and Parin, N.V. 1970. Needlefishes (Belonidae) of the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. Atlantide Rep. (11): 7-60, 13 fig.
- Hureau, J.-C. [ed.] 1994. Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. ETI/UNESCO, CD-ROM Macintosh Version 1.0.
- Mees, G.F. 1962. A preliminary revision of the Belonidae. Zoöl. Verhandelingen, Leiden 54: 3-96.
- Mito, S. 1961. Pelagic fish eggs from Japanese waters I. Clupeinae, Chaninae, Stomiatinae, Myctophidae, Anguillidae, Belonidae and Syngnathidae. Sci. Bull. Fac. Agri., Kyusku Univ. 18 (3): 285-310, 15 pl.