Literature
- Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder, W.C. 1953. Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Sawfishes, Guitarfishes, Skates and Rays; Chimaeroids. Mem. Sears Found. Mar. Res., New Haven 1 (2): xv+588 pp., 127 fig.
- Fowler, H.W. 1941. Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli and Ostariophysi obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries Steamer 'Albatross' in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bull. U.S. natn. Mus. 100 (13): 1-879, fig. 1-30.
- Hureau, J.-C. [ed.] 1994. Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. ETI/UNESCO, CD-ROM Macintosh Version 1.0.