Literature
- Bigelow, H.B. and Schroeder, W.C. 1953. Fishes of the western North Atlantic. Sawfishes, Guitarfishes, Skates and Rays; Chimaeroids. Mem. Sears Found. Mar. Res., New Haven 1 (2): xv+588 pp., 127 fig.
- Hureau, J.-C. [ed.] 1994. Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. ETI/UNESCO, CD-ROM Macintosh Version 1.0.